By: AYSAN RASHID GAHREMANLU, ARUP MAJUMDER
This paper compares how gender inequality plays out in India and Iran. The report examines four primary sectors: employment, politics, education, and health. The research utilizes statistics from India, such as those from the National Sample Survey Office and the World Bank, along with data from 2016 to 2025 regarding Iran, gathered from their government and academic works. The objective is to identify patterns and understand the causes of gender inequality in both countries. The results indicate that Iran has higher female literacy and college enrollment rates. However, the participation of women in the workforce and in political office remains limited due to cultural and structural barriers. In India, there has been gradual progress in women joining the workforce and entering politics. However, disparities persist in areas such as equal pay, education, and health, particularly for mothers. The research indicates that social structures that favor men, a divided job market, and weak enforcement of laws contribute to gender inequality in both countries. By examining these two different societies, the study emphasizes the complexity of gender inequality. It also underscores the necessity for customized policies, ensuring equitable access to education, employment opportunities, and governmental services for women. These findings contribute to the broader discourse on gender and development in the Global South, providing valuable insights for lawmakers aiming to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 5: Gender Equality.
