By: AHEIBAM ROBERTSON SINGH, SANJENBAM YAIPHABA MEITEI
Hypercalciuria is a complex condition associated with kidney stones, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. It is typically defined as urinary calcium excretion exceeding 200 mg per day, although factors such as age, diet, race, vitamin D levels, and genetics influence this threshold. A more practical assessment is the urinary calcium-to-creatinine ratio, with values above 0.20 indicating hypercalciuria. Evaluating this condition is important, as it indicates disturbances in calcium metabolism and homeostasis, involving the kidneys, bones, and intestines through endocrine regulation. Hypercalciuria is classified into absorptive, resorptive, and renal types, reflecting its underlying pathophysiology and genetic basis. It may result from both primary genetic and secondary environmental causes. Clinically, it is a multifactorial disorder caused by abnormal calcium transport, influenced by dietary and hereditary factors. Managing hypercalciuria is essential to prevent complications such as kidney stones, bone loss, and metabolic disturbances. Although it may appear minor, its long-term health impact can be significant. Therefore, understanding its causes and mechanisms is crucial to minimising risks and maintaining overall well-being.
