By: AVIJIT SHIT
In early human societies, belief in witchcraft arose as people tried to explain illness and misfortune through supernatural forces. Even today, in many parts of India, especially in tribal regions, witch-hunting remains a serious form of violence against women. In most cases, single women and widows are the primary victims. This study examines the changing patterns of witch-hunting from 2000 to 2022, focusing on tribal communities such as the Santal, Kharia, Munda, and Oraon in the Jhargram district of West Bengal. In these communities, people commonly believe that illness is caused by evil spirits or witchcraft. The study also analyzes the socio-economic and political causes behind the practice, examines witch-hunting as a form of violence against women, and evaluates the role of government and organizations in addressing the issue. The practice cannot be understood solely as a traditional belief; it is closely linked to poverty, social inequality, and patriarchal control. Weak institutional support and limited awareness further increase the risks faced by tribal women. Therefore, laws alone cannot stop this problem; they must be properly implemented in practice. Many people still follow traditional beliefs due to a lack of awareness. Education can help change this mindset. At the same time, better access to healthcare can reduce fear, minimize misunderstandings, and help prevent such violence in society.
